Reference guide

Overview

APC uses an adapted version of the Chicago humanities style of referencing (notes + bibliography) as set out in the Chicago Manual of Style. This style has been chosen because its use of full references in footnotes, reducing the need to scroll backwards and forwards to the bibliography, is well suited to documents which are likely to be read on a computer screen.

This APC-specific guide covers the main reference types which are most likely to come up in APC publications, and the official Chicago site or other relevant sites may be consulted for more detailed advice. [1] In line with the APC style guide, the referencing system presented here attempts to keep punctuation to a minimum, which means that commas and full stops have been removed where possible. Where individual reference types deviate further from the Chicago style, this is indicated in a footnote.

For each reference type, the guide provides advice for both the note and the bibliography entry followed by an example of a relevant reference.

Referencing online materials

APC follows the Chicago Manual of Styleʼs recommendation that online sources which are analogous to print sources (such as articles published in online journals, magazines, or newspapers) should be cited similarly to their print counterparts but with the addition of a URL.

When a reference is just a URL, for example the web address of an organisation, rather than an online document or resource, this URL should be placed in a footnote (without the http://, in line with the APC style guide), but should not be included in the bibliography.

When writing for APC, it is not necessary to include the date on which an online source was accessed in the bibliography (this is different from the date of publication), except where the reference is a wiki. This is because the collaborative and ongoing editing of texts in wikis means that it can be important to know which specific version is being referenced.

Where a date is required, for example for the date of a conference, email or blog entry, remember to follow the APC style guide and write “day month year” with no commas, e.g. 1 3 April 2009.

Detailed guidance by reference type

1 . Books (including edited books and book chapters)

1 .1 . Book

Note

1. . First M. [2] Last [per author up to three authors; if not, first author et al.] Title of Book, # ed. [if other than 1st edition] (Place: publisher, date), [3] page(s)

Examples:

SINGLE AUTHOR

3. Clemencia Rodriguez Fissures in the Mediascape: An international study of citizens' media (Cresskill: Hampton Press, 2001 ), 51

TWO AUTHORS

[1] The following online sources were consulted in the preparation of this guide:

www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html, library.ucf.edu/Rosen/guide_chicago.asp

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_Wikipedia#Chicago_style, library.osu.edu/sites/guides/chicagogd.php

www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/cite7.html, www.carmun.com/works-cited/footnotes/chicago-style

[2] M. refers to a middle initial.

[3] The place is usually the city where the publishing company is based, and the date is usually just the year.