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'''APC Guide to Reference Listing'''
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APC uses an adapted version of the American Psychological Association (APA) style of referencing. The key difference is APC's use of footnotes rather than in-text citation of author and date. We take into consideration the impracticality of scrolling backwards and forwards to the bibliography. Footnotes are better suited to documents that are likely to be read on a digital device. Please take into account the following recommendations when writing and editing for APC.


'''Overview'''


APC uses an adapted version of the Chicago humanities style of referencing (notes + bibliography) as set out in the Chicago Manual of Style. This style has been chosen because its use of full references in footnotes, reducing the need to scroll backwards and forwards to the bibliography, is well suited to documents which are likely to be read on a computer screen.
=='''APC guide to reference listing'''==


This APC-specific guide covers the main reference types which are most likely to come up in APC publications, and the official Chicago site or other relevant sites may be consulted for more detailed advice. [1] In line with the APC style guide, the referencing system presented here attempts to keep punctuation to a minimum, which means that commas and full stops have been removed where possible. Where individual reference types deviate further from the Chicago style, this is indicated in a footnote.
Please note that the superscript number used to indicate the placement of a footnote comes after any punctuation marks, including commas, full stops and quotation marks:
In 2014 the group launched a new website.3
“We have also launched a new website,”3  she added.


For each reference type, the guide provides advice for both the note and the bibliography entry followed by an example of a relevant reference.
The only exception is when the punctuation mark is a dash:
The new website3 – launched in 2014 – provides a wide range of resources.


'''Referencing online materials'''
The format for the footnote is the same format used for a reference list in APA style, with a few minor modifications, which means you can use free online tools like www.bibme.org/apa-bibliography  to make referencing faster and simpler.


APC follows the Chicago Manual of Styleʼs recommendation that online sources which are analogous to print sources (such as articles published in online journals, magazines, or newspapers) should be cited similarly to their print counterparts but with the addition of a URL.
However, since all the necessary information is provided in the footnotes, there is no need to compile a separate list of references.


When a reference is just a URL, for example the web address of an organisation, rather than an online document or resource, this URL should be placed in a footnote (without the http://, in line with the APC style guide), but should not be included in the bibliography.


When writing for APC, it is not necessary to include the date on which an online source was accessed in the bibliography (this is different from the date of publication), except where the reference is a wiki. This is because the collaborative and ongoing editing of texts in wikis means that it can be important to know which specific version is being referenced.
=='''Special notes on URLs'''==


Where a date is required, for example for the date of a conference, email or blog entry, remember to follow the APC style guide and write “day month year” with no commas, e.g. 1 3 April 2009.
URLs (links) should be hyperlinked and the http:// and https:// notation should be removed. If a link is available with a secure connection (https), always use that as the target of the hyperlink (e.g. www.apc.org). In the case of print publications, where hyperlinking is not possible, please always
remove http:// but leave https:// so that readers are aware that a secure connection to the link is possible.


''Detailed guidance by reference type''
URL links should also not contain tracking tokens, which are often present if the URL has been copied from an online dissemination platform like Twitter or ShareThis! As an example, extraneous tracking information in the URL sometimes follows “html” and often begin with “?utm_”. Delete it
and then test to make sure the URL still works without it.


1 . Books (including edited books and book chapters)


1 .1 . Book
=='''Guidelines and examples by reference type'''==


Note
==='''Books and reports'''===
#. First M. [2] Last [per author up to three authors; if not, first author et al.] Title of Book, # ed. [if other than 1st edition] (Place: publisher, date), [3] page(s)


Examples:
Author, A. (year). ''Title of Work''. Location: Publisher. URL (if the publication is available online)


SINGLE AUTHOR
Gurumurthy, A. (2004). ''Gender and ICTs: Overview Report''. Brighton: BRIDGE. www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/go/bridge-publications/cutting-edge-packs/gender-and-icts/gender-and-icts&id=52909&type=Document&langid=1


3. Clemencia Rodriguez Fissures in the Mediascape: An international study of citizens' media (Cresskill: Hampton Press, 2001 ), 51
WomenAid Collective. (2008). ''CEDAW and Accountability to Gender Equality in Nigeria: A Shadow Report''. Enugu: WACOL.


TWO AUTHORS
==='''More than one author'''===


Fascendini, F., & Fialová, K. (2011). ''Voices from Digital Spaces: Technology-related violence against women''. Johannesburg: APC WNSP. www.genderit.org/node/3539


==='''Chapter in a book'''===


Author, A. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In A. Editor (Ed.), ''Title of book''. Location: Publisher. URL


Moawad, N. (2013). Dot feminist resistance: Online disobedience, sabotage and militancy. In A. Finlay (Ed.), ''Global Information Society Watch 2013''. johannesburg: APC and Hivos. www.giswatch.org/en/womens-rights-gender/dot-feminist-resistance-online-disobedience-sabotage-and-militancy


==='''Government documents'''===


Department/Agency. (year). ''Title''. URL or Location: Publisher.
Department of Communications. (2013). ''South Africa Connect: National Broadband Policy''. www.doc.gov.za/documents-publications/broadband.html


[1] The following online sources were consulted in the preparation of this guide:
==='''Journal article'''===
www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html, library.ucf.edu/Rosen/guide_chicago.asp,
 
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_Wikipedia#Chicago_style, library.osu.edu/sites/guides/chicagogd.php,
Author, A. (Year). Title of article. ''Title of Periodical, volume number''(issue number), pages (if available). URL (if online)
www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/cite7.html, www.carmun.com/works-cited/footnotes/chicago-style
 
[2] M. refers to a middle initial.
Coleman, S. (2005). The lonely citizen: Indirect representation in an age of networks. ''Political Communication, 22''(2), 197-214.
[3] The place is usually the city where the publishing company is based, and the date is usually just the year.
 
Salas, M. (2010). Internet, power and politics: Gender and ICTs in the movement against CAFTA. ''The Journal of Community Informatics, 6''(1). ci-journal.net/index.php/ciej/article/view/530/468
 
==='''Newspaper article'''===
 
Author, A. (Year, date month published). Article title. ''Newspaper Title''. URL
 
Chemaly, S., Friedman, J., & Bates, L. (2013, 21 May). An Open Letter to Facebook. ''Huffington Post''. www.huffingtonpost.com/soraya-chemaly/an-open-letter-to-faceboo_1_b_3307394.html
 
==='''Presentation, paper, etc.'''===
 
Author, A. (Year). Title of paper. Description. URL
 
Defensor-Santiago, M. (2010). The praxis of gender justice in the Philippines: Implications for lawmaking. Paper presented at the Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA) Panel on Gender Justice and Women’s Rights, Istanbul, Turkey, 24 October. miriam.com.ph/newsblog/?p=489
 
==='''Blog post'''===
 
Author, A. (Year, date month published). Article title. ''Name of Blog''. URL
Milstein, S. (2013, 24 March). I have a few things to say about Adria. Dogs and Shoes. www.dogsandshoes.com/2013/03/adria.html
 
==='''Web page'''===
 
If you are citing information about an organisation, programme, campaign, etc. from a website, you can simply provide the URL.
 
www.takebackthetech.net/page/about-campaign
 
==='''Online video (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.)'''===
 
If the video is mentioned in the text, simply provide the URL.
 
==='''Personal communication (interview, email, etc.)'''===
 
Brief description, Date.
 
Interview with APC Executive Director Anriette Esterhuysen, 21 March 2014.
 
==='''If the same reference is cited more than once...'''===
 
If the reference is the same as the one cited right before it: Ibid.
 
If the reference is the same as one cited earlier: Author, A. (Year or Year, date month). Op. cit.
 
 
 
'''[http://www.apc.org/en/system/files/APC_ReferenceGuide_2.0_0.pdf Read or download the Reference guide in pdf format]'''

Latest revision as of 13:42, 31 May 2016

Style.jpg

APC uses an adapted version of the American Psychological Association (APA) style of referencing. The key difference is APC's use of footnotes rather than in-text citation of author and date. We take into consideration the impracticality of scrolling backwards and forwards to the bibliography. Footnotes are better suited to documents that are likely to be read on a digital device. Please take into account the following recommendations when writing and editing for APC.


APC guide to reference listing

Please note that the superscript number used to indicate the placement of a footnote comes after any punctuation marks, including commas, full stops and quotation marks: In 2014 the group launched a new website.3 “We have also launched a new website,”3 she added.

The only exception is when the punctuation mark is a dash: The new website3 – launched in 2014 – provides a wide range of resources.

The format for the footnote is the same format used for a reference list in APA style, with a few minor modifications, which means you can use free online tools like www.bibme.org/apa-bibliography to make referencing faster and simpler.

However, since all the necessary information is provided in the footnotes, there is no need to compile a separate list of references.


Special notes on URLs

URLs (links) should be hyperlinked and the http:// and https:// notation should be removed. If a link is available with a secure connection (https), always use that as the target of the hyperlink (e.g. www.apc.org). In the case of print publications, where hyperlinking is not possible, please always remove http:// but leave https:// so that readers are aware that a secure connection to the link is possible.

URL links should also not contain tracking tokens, which are often present if the URL has been copied from an online dissemination platform like Twitter or ShareThis! As an example, extraneous tracking information in the URL sometimes follows “html” and often begin with “?utm_”. Delete it and then test to make sure the URL still works without it.


Guidelines and examples by reference type

Books and reports

Author, A. (year). Title of Work. Location: Publisher. URL (if the publication is available online)

Gurumurthy, A. (2004). Gender and ICTs: Overview Report. Brighton: BRIDGE. www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/go/bridge-publications/cutting-edge-packs/gender-and-icts/gender-and-icts&id=52909&type=Document&langid=1

WomenAid Collective. (2008). CEDAW and Accountability to Gender Equality in Nigeria: A Shadow Report. Enugu: WACOL.

More than one author

Fascendini, F., & Fialová, K. (2011). Voices from Digital Spaces: Technology-related violence against women. Johannesburg: APC WNSP. www.genderit.org/node/3539

Chapter in a book

Author, A. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In A. Editor (Ed.), Title of book. Location: Publisher. URL

Moawad, N. (2013). Dot feminist resistance: Online disobedience, sabotage and militancy. In A. Finlay (Ed.), Global Information Society Watch 2013. johannesburg: APC and Hivos. www.giswatch.org/en/womens-rights-gender/dot-feminist-resistance-online-disobedience-sabotage-and-militancy

Government documents

Department/Agency. (year). Title. URL or Location: Publisher. Department of Communications. (2013). South Africa Connect: National Broadband Policy. www.doc.gov.za/documents-publications/broadband.html

Journal article

Author, A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages (if available). URL (if online)

Coleman, S. (2005). The lonely citizen: Indirect representation in an age of networks. Political Communication, 22(2), 197-214.

Salas, M. (2010). Internet, power and politics: Gender and ICTs in the movement against CAFTA. The Journal of Community Informatics, 6(1). ci-journal.net/index.php/ciej/article/view/530/468

Newspaper article

Author, A. (Year, date month published). Article title. Newspaper Title. URL

Chemaly, S., Friedman, J., & Bates, L. (2013, 21 May). An Open Letter to Facebook. Huffington Post. www.huffingtonpost.com/soraya-chemaly/an-open-letter-to-faceboo_1_b_3307394.html

Presentation, paper, etc.

Author, A. (Year). Title of paper. Description. URL

Defensor-Santiago, M. (2010). The praxis of gender justice in the Philippines: Implications for lawmaking. Paper presented at the Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA) Panel on Gender Justice and Women’s Rights, Istanbul, Turkey, 24 October. miriam.com.ph/newsblog/?p=489

Blog post

Author, A. (Year, date month published). Article title. Name of Blog. URL Milstein, S. (2013, 24 March). I have a few things to say about Adria. Dogs and Shoes. www.dogsandshoes.com/2013/03/adria.html

Web page

If you are citing information about an organisation, programme, campaign, etc. from a website, you can simply provide the URL.

www.takebackthetech.net/page/about-campaign

Online video (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.)

If the video is mentioned in the text, simply provide the URL.

Personal communication (interview, email, etc.)

Brief description, Date.

Interview with APC Executive Director Anriette Esterhuysen, 21 March 2014.

If the same reference is cited more than once...

If the reference is the same as the one cited right before it: Ibid.

If the reference is the same as one cited earlier: Author, A. (Year or Year, date month). Op. cit.


Read or download the Reference guide in pdf format

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