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APC uses an adapted version of the American Psychological Association (APA) style of referencing. The key difference is APC's use of footnotes rather than in-text citation of author and date. We take into consideration the impracticality of scrolling backwards and forwards to the bibliography. Footnotes are better suited to documents that are likely to be read on a digital device. Please take into account the following recommendations when writing and editing for APC.

'''APC guide to reference listing'''

Please note that the superscript number used to indicate the placement of a footnote comes after any punctuation marks, including commas, full stops and quotation marks:
In 2014 the group launched a new website.3
“We have also launched a new website,”3 she added.

The only exception is when the punctuation mark is a dash:
The new website 3 – launched in 2014 – provides a wide range of resources.

The format for the footnote is the same format used for a reference list in APA style, with a few minor modifications, which means you can use free online tools like www.bibme.org/apa-bibliography to make referencing faster and simpler.

However, since all the necessary information is provided in the footnotes, there is no need to compile a separate list of references.

'''Special notes on URLs'''

URLs (links) should be hyperlinked and the http:// and https:// notation should be removed. If a link is available with a secure connection (https), always use that as the target of the hyperlink (e.g. www.apc.org). In the case of print publications, where hyperlinking is not possible, please always
remove http:// but leave https:// so that readers are aware that a secure connection to the link is possible.

URL links should also not contain tracking tokens, which are often present if the URL has been copied from an online dissemination platform like Twitter or ShareThis!. As an example, extraneous tracking information in the URL sometimes follows “html” and often begin with “?utm_”. Delete it
and then test to make sure the URL still works without it.

'''Guidelines and examples by reference type'''

'''Books and reports'''

Author, A. (year). Title of Work. Location: Publisher. URL (if the publication is available online)
Gurumurthy, A. (2004). Gender and ICTs: Overview Report . Brighton: BRIDGE. www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/go/bridge-publications/cutting-edge-packs/gender-and-icts/gender-and-icts&id=52909&type=Document&langid=1
WomenAid Collective. (2008). CEDAW and Accountability to Gender Equality in Nigeria: A Shadow Report. Enugu: WACOL.

'''More than one author'''

Fascendini, F., & Fialová, K. (2011). Voices from Digital Spaces: Technology-related violence against women. Johannesburg: APC WNSP. www.genderit.org/node/3539

'''Chapter in a book'''

Author, A. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In A. Editor (Ed.), Title of book. Location: Publisher. URL
Moawad, N. (2013). Dot feminist resistance: Online disobedience, sabotage and militancy. In A. Finlay (Ed.), Global Information Society Watch 2013. johannesburg: APC and Hivos. www.giswatch.org/en/womens-rights-gender/dot-feminist-resistance-online-disobedience-sabotage-and-militancy

'''Government documents'''

Department/Agency. (year). Title . URL or Location: Publisher.
Department of Communications. (2013). South Africa Connect: National Broadband Policy. www.doc.gov.za/documents-publications/broadband.html

'''Journal article'''

Author, A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number (issue number), pages (if available). URL (if online)
Coleman, S. (2005). The lonely citizen: Indirect representation in an age of networks. Political Communication, 22(2), 197-214.
Salas, M. (2010). Internet, power and politics: Gender and ICTs in the movement against CAFTA. The Journal of Community Informatics, 6(1). ci-journal.net/index.php/ciej/article/view/530/468

'''Newspaper article'''

Author, A. (Date month year 1 published). Article title. Newspaper Title. URL
Chemaly, S., Friedman, J., & Bates, L. (21 May 2013). An Open Letter to Facebook. Huffington Post. www.huffingtonpost.com/soraya-chemaly/an-open-letter-to-faceboo_1_b_3307394.html

'''Presentation, paper, etc.'''

Author, A. (Year). Title of paper. Description. URL
Defensor-Santiago, M. (2010). The praxis of gender justice in the Philippines: Implications for lawmaking. Paper presented at the Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA) Panel on Gender Justice and Women’s Rights, Istanbul, Turkey, 24 October. miriam.com.ph/newsblog/?p=489

'''Blog post'''

Author, A. (Year, date month published). Article title. Name of Blog. URL
Milstein, S. (2013, 24 March). I have a few things to say about Adria. Dogs and Shoes. www.dogsandshoes.com/2013/03/adria.html

'''Web page'''

If you are citing information about an organisation, programme, campaign, etc. from a website, you can simply provide the URL.
www.takebackthetech.net/page/about-campaign

'''Online video (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.)'''

If the video is mentioned in the text, simply provide the URL.

'''Personal communication (interview, email, etc.)'''

Brief description, Date. Interview with APC Executive Director Anriette Esterhuysen, 21 March 2014.

'''If the same reference is cited more than once...'''

If the reference is the same as the one cited right before it: Ibid.
If the reference is the same as one cited earlier: Author, A. (Year or Year, date month). Op. cit.

'''[http://www.apc.org/en/system/files/APC_ReferenceGuide_2-0.pdf Read or download the Reference guide in pdf format]'''

2015-05-18T12:11:05Z

Tarryn: Created page with "'''Guide for editors''' This is a guide to help editors new to GenderIT.org to understand the priorities for the site and provide a quick reference to important documents tha..."

'''Guide for editors'''

This is a guide to help editors new to GenderIT.org to understand the priorities for the site and provide a quick reference to important documents that you may need in your work.

'''Introduction'''

The editor is the link between the writer and the audience, and the main aim of the editor is to improve communication between the two. While all stories should follow GenderIT.org style and editorial guidelines, and be in line with the core principles of the site, as far as possible, the editor keeps the words and flow of the original writer. The writer is usually an expert in their field, often with many years of campaigning or struggle in their own country – often in languages that are not English. It is important to respect the writer, and ask them questions and permission for any substantive changes.

It is not always easy to follow these guidelines!

'''Editing tips'''

Read through the entire piece first. This gives some sense of what the story is about, and often points that are confusing can be clarified later on.

Use a lighter touch for blogs such as Feminist Talk. Just check for spelling and readability – only if something is very confusing, make an amendment. Always track changes.

Check for points that are made more than once. If there is new information, try to meld the two together for brevity, and readability.

Make sure that language is as simple as possible. Writers, especially those fluent in English, may use colloquialisms or long words. It is particularly important for readers whose first language is not English to simplify these.

Example: '''Time seemed to fly''', the conference was '''so packed''' with exciting speakers.
Instead: The conference had lots of exciting speakers.

As far as possible check accuracy. If there was an event, check the dates, that names are spelt correctly etc. Google is definitely your friend!

Check footnotes and references, for both style and completeness. If you think something needs to be referenced, ask for the writer to put that in.

For some writers (but certainly not all), this may be the first time they are publishing something in English. Your role MAY be to guide and advise them. It is usually clear from the text itself if this is the case. Always phrase guidance respectfully and positively.

Its important that you encourage the writers to provide as many links within the text as possible. Some writers might not be used to write in online platforms, so we should try to make the text as fluid and rich as possible. The articles can't cover all the contextual information that understanding the content of the article might require, but links can be quite useful for that.

Editors should also help writers understand how important is to save some time to search in the website and select related articles and resources as much as possible. This way we build on previous writings and we offer the readership a much prolific reading experience. And we increase our chances of readers to get interested in related materials and to stay on the website!

Some pieces may need two or three edits. Be prepared!

'''Editing a translation'''

Many of GenderIT.org articles are translations (from English to Spanish or viceversa). Editing translations has its own challenges, since the mediation of the translator is a second voice that shows in the final article. Always edit the translated article with the original in hand, so you can double-check that the translator didn't misunderstand any phrase or word. In some cases, when translators do not understand a very specific word or expression, they might highlight it for your consideration, so be ready to solve that quiz. Going back to the author and asking for synonyms or alternative ways of saying it might help.

'''Quick links'''

Link here to Code of ethics; Style guide; Editorial guide; Citation guide.

'''Checklist'''

1. Does the piece as a whole make sense? Is the argument/ are the points clear? Is there any repetition, and if so, does it serve a purpose?

2. Is the language clear? Are there any colloquialisms? Are there any words or phrases that a person whose first language is not English may have difficulty understanding?

3. Are the grammar and spelling correct?

4. Are all quotes or other materials adequately referenced, following the house style?

5. Is there anything missing? Is there an argument or idea that the writer could have followed up on that would strengthen the article? Are there any suggestions you'd like to make to the writer?

How to work with audio

2015-05-18T11:58:54Z

Tarryn:

'''The GenderIT.org guide to producing audio'''

'''Introduction'''

The aim of this guide is to provide information and resources that will provide a road-map for those new to the medium of audio, while also providing quick links and reference for those with some experience who want a refresher on particular topics or questions.

Voice can be an immensely warm media, bringing stories into your office, living room or car. It's also a great medium for feminists.

'''Overview'''

Unesco publishes a guide on how to do community radio. While the first section deals with setting up a station, the second section is on how to make programmes. It is available [http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/resources/publications-and-communication-materials/publications/full-list/how-to-do-community-radio-a-primer-for-community-radio-operators/ online].

The first thing is to make great sound recordings. You can fix audio that has some mistakes, but it's much easier to make sure that the recording is as 'clean' as possible. A simple guide that covers most of the important points can be found [http://www.soundportraits.org/education/how_to_record/ here] but keep in mind the points below about power and respect.

'''Technical tools'''

If you plan on doing a lot of audio, download an audio editor – [http://sourceforge.net/projects/audacity/?source=directory Audacity] is one of the most popular, free, open-source sound editors out there, and it can do most of what can be done by far more costly software packages. A fairly simple to follow tutorial is available [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrPGMjZORCM here] – but there are loads of videos to help guide you through any issues you may have. The Audacity community is also quite active, so post any problems you face and you're bound to get some help.

With Audacity, you can record sound from Skype, but the quality can be too poor for broadcast, if you're hoping that stations will pick up the story. It is fine for the website. You can also use it to record conversations using any mic plugged into your computer, including the internal mic.

'''Methods'''

One of the reasons GenderIT encourages contributors to make audio is because the airwaves, including both mainstream and community radio, are still dominated by male voices, issues and concerns. Feminist audio is different from malestream audio in that:

1) It privileges female voices, to address existing power imbalances.

2) It is always conscious of the power involved in any interview or discussion. Generally, if you are interviewing somebody, you hold more power than they do. It is your responsibility to ensure that their voice is heard in a way that is empowering for them. This means you allow them time to feel comfortable, to review what they have said, to restart or redo what they have said. Obviously there are exceptions – politicians and other prominent personalities may have more power than the interviewer. But, as a general rule, check whether these are voices that need to be heard on GenderIT. Do they have other ways of reaching a wide audience? If so, maybe we need to be looking for someone else.

Follow these guidelines, bearing in mind what is written in the code of ethics and the manifesto, and you'll be producing radio-worthy audio in no time.

'''Other resources'''

Some useful resources:

1. Transom.org – a radio specialists' guide to tools and tips for using sound editing software, including Audacity.

2. [http://audacity.sourceforge.net/community/users The Audacity user community]

3. The [http://www.amarc.org/index.php?p=Gender_Policy_entrance_page AMARC Gender Policy] is a useful document that looks at the issue of power and women's voices.

'''Checklist'''

1. Listen back to the audio recording. Sometimes strange things creep in without you noticing!

2. Are all sound effects and/ or music licensed under an appropriate copy-free license?

3. Make sure you can spell all names that are mentioned, for tagging online, and to make sure that any transcript is accurate.

How to work with audio

2015-05-18T11:58:08Z

Tarryn:

How to work with audio

2015-05-18T11:55:02Z

Tarryn:

'''The GenderIT.org guide to producing audio'''

'''Introduction'''

The aim of this guide is to provide information and resources that will provide a road-map for those new to the medium of audio, while also providing quick links and reference for those with some experience who want a refresher on particular topics or questions.

Voice can be an immensely warm media, bringing stories into your office, living room or car. It's also a great medium for feminists.

'''Overview'''

Unesco publishes a guide on how to do community radio. While the first section deals with setting up a station, the second section is on how to make programmes. It is available online at http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/resources/publications-and-communication-materials/publications/full-list/how-to-do-community-radio-a-primer-for-community-radio-operators/.

The first thing is to make great sound recordings. You can fix audio that has some mistakes, but it's much easier to make sure that the recording is as 'clean' as possible. A simple guide that covers most of the important points is http://www.soundportraits.org/education/how_to_record/ but keep in mind the points below about power and respect.

'''Technical tools'''

If you plan on doing a lot of audio, download an audio editor – Audacity <http://sourceforge.net/projects/audacity/?source=directory> is one of the most popular, free, open-source sound editors out there, and it can do most of what can be done by far more costly software packages. A fairly simple to follow tutorial is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrPGMjZORCM – but there are loads of videos to help guide you through any issues you may have. The Audacity community is also quite active, so post any problems you face and you're bound to get some help.

With Audacity, you can record sound from Skype, but the quality can be too poor for broadcast, if you're hoping that stations will pick up the story. It is fine for the website. You can also use it to record conversations using any mic plugged into your computer, including the internal mic.

'''Methods'''

One of the reasons GenderIT encourages contributors to make audio is because the airwaves, including both mainstream and community radio, are still dominated by male voices, issues and concerns. Feminist audio is different from malestream audio in that:

1) It privileges female voices, to address existing power imbalances.

2) It is always conscious of the power involved in any interview or discussion. Generally, if you are interviewing somebody, you hold more power than they do. It is your responsibility to ensure that their voice is heard in a way that is empowering for them. This means you allow them time to feel comfortable, to review what they have said, to restart or redo what they have said. Obviously there are exceptions – politicians and other prominent personalities may have more power than the interviewer. But, as a general rule, check whether these are voices that need to be heard on GenderIT. Do they have other ways of reaching a wide audience? If so, maybe we need to be looking for someone else.

Follow these guidelines, bearing in mind what is written in the code of ethics and the manifesto, and you'll be producing radio-worthy audio in no time.

'''Other resources'''

Some useful resources:

1. Transom.org – a radio specialists' guide to tools and tips for using sound editing software, including Audacity.

2. The Audacity user community - http://audacity.sourceforge.net/community/users

3. The AMARC Gender Policy is a useful document that looks at the issue of power and women's voices. http://www.amarc.org/index.php?p=Gender_Policy_entrance_page

'''Checklist'''

1. Listen back to the audio recording. Sometimes strange things creep in without you noticing!

2. Are all sound effects and/ or music licensed under an appropriate copy-free license?

3. Make sure you can spell all names that are mentioned, for tagging online, and to make sure that any transcript is accurate.

How to work with audio

2015-05-18T11:54:10Z

Tarryn: Created page with "'''The GenderIT.org guide to producing audio''' '''Introduction''' The aim of this guide is to provide information and resources that will provide a road-map for those new t..."

'''The GenderIT.org guide to producing audio'''

'''Introduction'''

The aim of this guide is to provide information and resources that will provide a road-map for those new to the medium of audio, while also providing quick links and reference for those with some experience who want a refresher on particular topics or questions.

Voice can be an immensely warm media, bringing stories into your office, living room or car. It's also a great medium for feminists.

'''Overview'''

Unesco publishes a guide on how to do community radio. While the first section deals with setting up a station, the second section is on how to make programmes. It is available online at http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/resources/publications-and-communication-materials/publications/full-list/how-to-do-community-radio-a-primer-for-community-radio-operators/.

The first thing is to make great sound recordings. You can fix audio that has some mistakes, but it's much easier to make sure that the recording is as 'clean' as possible. A simple guide that covers most of the important points is http://www.soundportraits.org/education/how_to_record/ but keep in mind the points below about power and respect.

'''Technical tools'''

If you plan on doing a lot of audio, download an audio editor – Audacity <http://sourceforge.net/projects/audacity/?source=directory> is one of the most popular, free, open-source sound editors out there, and it can do most of what can be done by far more costly software packages. A fairly simple to follow tutorial is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrPGMjZORCM – but there are loads of videos to help guide you through any issues you may have. The Audacity community is also quite active, so post any problems you face and you're bound to get some help.

With Audacity, you can record sound from Skype, but the quality can be too poor for broadcast, if you're hoping that stations will pick up the story. It is fine for the website. You can also use it to record conversations using any mic plugged into your computer, including the internal mic.

'''Methods'''

One of the reasons GenderIT encourages contributors to make audio is because the airwaves, including both mainstream and community radio, are still dominated by male voices, issues and concerns. Feminist audio is different from malestream audio in that:

1) It privileges female voices, to address existing power imbalances.
2) It is always conscious of the power involved in any interview or discussion. Generally, if you are interviewing somebody, you hold more power than they do. It is your responsibility to ensure that their voice is heard in a way that is empowering for them. This means you allow them time to feel comfortable, to review what they have said, to restart or redo what they have said. Obviously there are exceptions – politicians and other prominent personalities may have more power than the interviewer. But, as a general rule, check whether these are voices that need to be heard on GenderIT. Do they have other ways of reaching a wide audience? If so, maybe we need to be looking for someone else.

Follow these guidelines, bearing in mind what is written in the code of ethics and the manifesto, and you'll be producing radio-worthy audio in no time.

'''Other resources'''

Some useful resources:

1. Transom.org – a radio specialists' guide to tools and tips for using sound editing software, including Audacity.

2. The Audacity user community - http://audacity.sourceforge.net/community/users

3. The AMARC Gender Policy is a useful document that looks at the issue of power and women's voices. http://www.amarc.org/index.php?p=Gender_Policy_entrance_page

'''Checklist'''

1. Listen back to the audio recording. Sometimes strange things creep in without you noticing!

2. Are all sound effects and/ or music licensed under an appropriate copy-free license?

3. Make sure you can spell all names that are mentioned, for tagging online, and to make sure that any transcript is accurate.